Redox Signaling refers to the process in which free radicals, reactive oxygen species and other electronically activated radicals act as messengers in the biological system. It's basically the process that displays how cells in our body respond to oxidants and free radicals. Redox signaling is a consistent and important process, through which human cells connect with each other and carry out important body functions.

Redox Signaling Molecules - What are they?

There are two kinds of Signaling molecules - "activator" and "communicator". These 2 play the role of messengers and are responsible for the connection between cells throughout our body. Also called Signaling molecules, they switch on the body's antioxidant compounds - Glutathione, Catalase and SOD.

In simpler terms, Redox signaling molecules are substances that are produced naturally within each cell of the body. When the cells are required to perform many functions, they generate 2 kinds of signaling molecules.

The initial set of "activator" molecules set off the antioxidants stored in the body. Antioxidants are very effective in fighting off the impairment caused by free radicals and oxidative stress; however they cannot function unless activated by the signaling molecules. Hence you require the Redox signaling 'activator' molecules to make the antioxidants to work.

The second set of "communicator" molecules is accountable for enabling correct communication between the cells of the body, making sure optimum performance of the immune system and safeguarding the body against external stimuli such as harmful bacteria, viruses etc. The millions of cells in our body are able to properly function and communicate because of the Redox signaling molecules.

Why is Redox signaling so essential?

Both the internal and external factors such as toxic chemicals, stress poor nutrition, bacterial infections etc affect our health in an undesirable way. This causes considerable cellular damage and a reduction in Redox signaling molecules. Without an adequate supply of Redox signaling molecules the antioxidants and immune system are unable to function effectively, contributing to a vast range of health ailments.

Scientists and scientists worldwide have been conducting several researches on the Redox signaling molecules to discover more about their structure, effect and function with respect to human health. Let us take a look at some of the popular studies on this subject:

White, Blue-eyed Cats are Deaf

Charles Darwin, the father of evolution had stated "white cats with blue eyes are almost deaf". He suggested that developmental issues with the nervous system might be the cause of deafness in the white, blue-eyed cats. But scientists think it has something to do with the Redox signaling process, as Central nervous system growth is a messenger-mediated procedure and so is the melanin synthesis.

Thus an imbalance in the Redox signaling process leads to improper melanin synthesis (giving the cat its white color) and causes defective intra-cellular communication (causing hearing impairment).

Research by Hoffer and Osmond

The first instance of Redox processes being engaged in cell signaling was given by Hoffer and Osmond. According to the Adrenochrome hypothesis, "psychoactive oxidative items of catecholamines (adrenochromes) play a part in schizophrenia and other neuropsychiatric diseases". While the proposed hypothesis still remains in question, the fact that messenger-mediated oxidative stress can lead to neuropsychiatric conditions, has been proven correct.

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